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CAS NO.1309-64-4
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| Diantimony trioxide Basic information |
| Product Name: | Diantimony trioxide |
| Synonyms: | DI-ANTIMONY TRIOXIDE;ANTIMON(III)OXIDE;ANTIMONY TRIOXIDE;ANTIMONY OXIDE;ANTIMONOUS OXIDE;ANTIMONY(+3)OXIDE;SB OXIDE;a1530 |
| CAS: | 1309-64-4 |
| MF: | O3Sb2 |
| MW: | 291.52 |
| EINECS: | 215-175-0 |
| Product Categories: | Industrial/Fine Chemicals;Inorganic Chemicals;Flame retardant;Flame retardants;UVCBs-inorganic;Inorganics;A-B, Puriss p.a.Metal and Ceramic Science;Analytical Reagents for General Use;Puriss p.a.;51: Sb;AntimonyMaterials Science;AntimonyMetal and Ceramic Science;Catalysis and Inorganic Chemistry;Chemical Synthesis;Nanomaterials;Nanoparticles: Oxides, Nitrides, and Other CeramicsNanomaterials;Nanopowders and Nanoparticle Dispersions;Antimony;Metal and Ceramic Science;Oxides;metal oxide |
| Mol File: | 1309-64-4.mol |
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| Diantimony trioxide Chemical Properties |
| mp | 655 °C(lit.) |
| bp | 1550 °C(lit.) |
| density | 5.20 |
| Fp | 1550°C subl. |
| storage temp. | -20°C |
| form | powder |
| Water Solubility | Slightly soluble. <0.1 g/100 mL at 20 ºC |
| Merck | 14,711 |
| Stability: | Stable. |
| CAS DataBase Reference | 1309-64-4(CAS DataBase Reference) |
| NIST Chemistry Reference | Antimony trioxide(1309-64-4) |
| Safety Information |
| Hazard Codes | Xn,Xi,T |
| Risk Statements | 40-61 |
| Safety Statements | 22-36/37-45-53 |
| RIDADR | 1549 |
| WGK Germany | 2 |
| RTECS | CC5650000 |
| Hazard Note | Irritant |
| HazardClass | 6.1 |
| PackingGroup | III |
| Hazardous Substances Data | 1309-64-4(Hazardous Substances Data) |
| MSDS Information |
| Provider | Language |
|---|---|
| SigmaAldrich | English |
| ACROS | English |
| ALFA | English |
| Diantimony trioxide Usage And Synthesis |
| Antimony oxides |
Antimony trioxide, together antimony tetroxide and antimony pentoxide, are the current three compounds forming between antimony and oxygen with industrial application. Antimony can form a series of oxide with oxygen such as Sb2O3, Sb2O4, Sb2O5, Sb6O13, and Sb2O as well as gaseous SbO. However, only the first three compounds have significance in industrial production with other oxides mostly being the transition product of various kinds of antimony production process. Antimony trioxide (Sb2O3, Mr291.50) is a dual-type substance including cubic crystal and monoclinic crystal type. For different crystal form, the density and refractive index also slightly differ. The density and refractive index of cubic crystal is 5.2 and 2.087, respectively while is 5.67 and 2.18 for the monoclinic crystal, respectively. The Sb2O3 commonly derived from hydrolysis of SbCl3 is rhombic crystal can burn to red heat in an inert gas or in vacuum and can generate square crystal upon sublimation. Antimony trioxide is a kind of white powder with the density being 5.67g / cm3. It becomes yellow when being heated and turn back to white upon being cooled. Upon 656 ℃, it can be molten into yellow or gray liquid with becoming white asbestos-like mercerizing substance. Antimony trioxide is slightly soluble in water, ethanol and dilute acid, easily soluble in concentrated hydrochloric acid, oxalic acid and tartaric acid, and is also soluble in fuming nitric acid and fuming sulfuric acid; it form antimonite upon be dissolved in alkali. Antimony trioxide has a low toxicity but has irritation effect on nose, eyes, throat and respiratory tract. Skin contact may induce dermatitis. Antimony trioxide mainly has two preparation methods including dry and wet. Dry method is through reducing the crude sulfur trioxide generated from the calcined sulfantimonide ore into metallic antimony in the presence of coke with soda as the melting promoting agent. The wet method is through leaching sulfur antimony ore with hydrochloric acid to generate antimony trichloride and further hydrolysis with caustic soda to obtain it. Figure 1 the two crystal types of antimony trioxide |
| Flame retardant |
Antimony trioxide is a widely used flame retardant suitable to being used for polyethylene, polystyrene, polyvinyl chloride, polyester, epoxy resin, polyurethane and other plastics. However, it has low flame retardant effect when being used alone. Instead it has good synergistic effect when being used in combination with phosphates, chlorine-containing compounds (such as chlorinated paraffins, PCBs, perchloro-glutar-cyclodecane etc.), bromine-containing compounds (such as Hexabromobiphenyl, Hexabromobenzene) with the flame retardant performance being improved significantly. Combining of antimony trioxide with chloride or bromide can result in antimony trichloride or antimony bromide which is reactive and volatile substances which can promote the halogen movement and generation of carbides in its solid form as well as capturing free radicals in its gas form. These reactions can all contribute to flame retardancy. It is always combined with zinc oxide, sodium hydroxide, etc. to be used as brominated synergist flame retardant synergist for being applied to plastic fire prevention system. Antimony trioxide can also be used in the manufacture of antimony potassium tartrate, pigments, porcelain enamels, dyes and other media. It can also be used as a catalyst for polyester poly-condensation. Figure 2 the reference quality standard of superior grade of antimony trioxide |
| Preparation of antimony trioxide from antimony potassium tartrate |
Add the ammonia into the boiling liquid of antimony potassium (one part of antimony potassium tartrate K (SbO) C4H4O6 is dissolved in 10 parts of water); boil for a period of time, filtered, wash to give antimony trioxide. Among them, only trace amounts of silicon, magnesium has been detected from the antimony trioxide generated from the hydrolysis method through spectroscopy qualitative analysis. It is suitable as spectral analysis standard. Add 15 g of analytic purity grade antimony trioxide to the 500 mL beaker, further add 30ml of high purity hydrochloric acid (1 + 1), and dissolve it under stirring. Filter the solution with washed sand glass funnel to remove insoluble impurities. Further dilute it to 400 mL with high purity water when white chlorine oxide antimony is precipitated. Once the solution becomes clear, decant the supernatant liquid and wash the precipitate through decantation for several times. To the washed precipitate, add 200 mL of high-purity ammonia (1 + 25) and boil for 5 ~ 10min, when the antimony oxychloride all becomes antimony trioxide. The generated antimony trioxide particle is much smaller than the antimony oxychloride. Pour out the clearing solution and boil again for several times using the same method in dilute ammonia. Check the washed solution with silver nitrate; when the poured liquid no longer contains chlorine ions, all the antimony oxychloride has been completely converted to antimony trioxide. Then use high-purity water decantation for wash the precipitate for several times. Use Buchner funnel for filtration and then wash the precipitate with high purity water until the washed liquid becomes neutral again. The washed precipitate is dried in an oven at 150 ℃ to constant weight; take it out after cooling to get the final product of antimony trioxide. Reference: Xinyou Wu, Shengquan, and Jinxian Zhai, “Manual for Purification and preparation of analytical reagent” Beijing: Metallurgical Industry Press. |
| Toxicity |
Acute poisoning manifested as stimulation of the respiratory tract, gastrointestinal tract and skin. Chronic poisoning can affect metabolism, cause dry skin, chapped fingers and perinasal and can also cause allergic diseases (eczema, urticaria). Upon poisoning through the respiratory tract, we can give a lot of sweet tea or coffee drinks, aspirin, amino-pyrazole morpholino for treatment. Upon poisoning caused by swallowing dust, you can tannic acid solution, protein water for repeatedly washing stomach, taking warm milk and mucus drinks (pearl barley soup). Maximal allowable concentration in air is 1 mg/m3. Use protective equipment during operation. Prevent dust formation and release into the air of workplace. The above information is edited by the Chemicalbook of Dai Xiongfeng. |
| Chemical Properties | It is white or gray orthorhombic or equiaxed crystal powder. It is soluble in hydrochloric acid, potassium hydroxide, sodium sulfide, tartaric acid, concentrated sulfuric acid, and concentrated nitric acid but insoluble in water, alcohols, and diluted sulfuric acid. |
| Application |
It is used as high-purity reagents, mordant and anti-light stabilizers, as well as the preparation of pigments and antimony potassium tartrate. When being used as flame retardant, it is widely used in plastics, rubber, textile, chemical fiber, pigment, paint, electronics and other industries. It can also be used as the raw material or catalyst the chemical industry. It can be used as a white pigment, white glass, enamel, pharmaceutical, cement glue, fillers, coatings and fire mordant. It is a kind of excellent inorganic white pigment which is mainly used for coloring paints. It can be used as the flame retardants for various kinds of resins, synthetic rubber, canvas, paper, paints, etc. It can also used as the catalyst of petrochemicals and synthetic catalysts. It can be used for the manufacture of mordant, white agent, and is also the raw material for synthesizing antimony salt. In enamel industry, it can be used for increasing the enamel opacity and surface gloss. In glass industry, it can be used as a bleaching agent instead of arsenious acid. It also has pharmaceutical, metallurgical, and military application. |
| Production method |
The preparation method of antimony oxide method is divided into dry and wet method. Dry method includes antimony metal and stibnite method; wet including acid leaching and antimony salt decomposition method. Dry Antimony metal method (dry method); Reaction equation: Sb + O2 → Sb2O3 Methods of operation: 700 kg of 99.8% antimony metal (sulfur containing 29 × 10-6) was heated in a graphite furnace to 1200 ℃; pour into air for 5 min within 0.3m3/min, until the sulfur dioxide content in exhaust≤5 × 10-6, cool to 786 ℃, pour into air for12 h at the rate of 2m3/min to obtain the antimony oxide with the yield being 92.1%. Stibnite (dry method); Reaction equation: 2Sb2S3 + 9O2 → 2Sb2O3 + 6SO2 ↑ Sb2O3 + 3C → 2Sb + 3CO ↑ 4Sb + O2 → 2Sb2O3 Operation: Select the high grade stibnite containing Sb 50% ~ 60%, As 0.1%, Pb 0.007%, Fe 0.16%, S 11.42%, Al2O3 0.66%, CaO 4.75%, MgO <0.5%, SiO2 8.65%, HgO 0.0026%. Mix this concentrate together with iron ore (Fe 50.17%) containing 10% antimony concentrate as well as 2% limestone (CaO> 50%) and add them into the fuming furnace slag bath at a certain speed, put air, coal mixture into it to adjust the temperature of the liquid slag as well as atmosphere in the furnace to maintain the temperature being at about 1250 °C, and the gas phase CO2/CO in the furnace gas phase being 4.78, 1 g PO2 = -8.33, add the material for continuous melting. The antimony is mainly existed Sb2O3 (with a small amount being in sulfide form) was constantly fumed into the gas phase; upon the purification of flue gas, transfer the sulfide into Sb2O3 through the burning in flue and combustion chamber with the oxides in the flue gas being separately collected separately in each part of collecting device, wherein antimony oxide is collected in flue vortex. The fume and dust collected by the electrostatic precipitator has high purity and can be used as antimony oxide. The collected dust and tail gas is released after the absorption of sulfur dioxide. After completion of the addition of the material, continuously put air and coal for melting and fuming for about 1h; when the fume is almost free of white volatiles, the process ends; release 2/3 slag. Acid leaching method (wet). Reaction equation: Sb2S3 + 6HCl → 2SbCl3 + 3H2S ↑ SbCl3 + H2O → SbOCl + 2HCl 2SbOCl + 2NH4OH → Sb2O3 + NH4Cl + H2O operation method: Take 600 kg of antimony sulfide ore containing Sb 60.07%, Pb 0.9% and less than 60 mesh, continuously add into acid leaching tub with the leaching solution composition being HCl 1.0mol / L, Fe2 + 70g / L (added FeCl2), Sb3 + 4.2 g / L, leaching solution: solid = 2: 1, apply steam heating to 80 ℃; Under mechanical stirring, put into chlorine gas for extraction for 6h; Filter, purify to get a leaching liquid containing Sb 283g/L; further apply hydrolysis at room temperature; antimony oxychloride was washed several times by water and further neutralized with ammonia for 30min to have pH = 8 ~ 9; further wash to pH = 7, filter and dry to give 406 kg of antimony oxide powder which contains Sb2O3: 99.80%, particle size being lower than 325 mesh, and whiteness being 97%. Antimony salt solution (wet). Reaction equation: 2Sb + 3Cl2 → 2SbCl3 SbCl3 + H2O → SbOCl + 2HCl 4SbOCl + H2O → Sb2O3 • 2SbOCl + 2HCl Sb2O3 • 2SbOCl + 2NH4OH → 2Sb2O3 + 2NH4Cl + H2O Methods of operation: metal antimony is reacted with chlorine to generate antimony trichloride, which is further subjects to distillation, hydrolysis, ammonolysis, washing, centrifuge and separation, and drying to obtain the finished product of antimony trioxide. |
| Category | toxic substances |
| Toxicity grading | poisoning |
| Acute toxicity | intraperitoneal - rat LD50: 3250 mg / kg; intraperitoneal - Mouse LD50: 172 mg / kg. |
| Flammability and hazardous characteristics | combustible with combustion generating toxic fumes of antimony compounds. |
| Chemical Properties | White Powder |
| Storage characteristics | Treasury: ventilation, low-temperature and drying; store it separately from food ingredients, BRF3 and chlorinated rubber. |
| Extinguishing agent | Dry powder, foam, sand, carbon dioxide, water spray. |
| Professional standards | TWA 0.5 mg (Sb) / cubic meter. |
| General Description | Diantimony trioxide is a white crystalline solid. Diantimony trioxide is insoluble in water. The primary hazard is the threat to the environment. Immediate steps should be taken to limit its spread to the environment. Diantimony trioxide is used to fireproof fabrics, paper and plastics, as a paint pigment and for many other uses. |
| Air & Water Reactions | Insoluble in water. |
| Reactivity Profile | IDiantimony trioxide ignites and burns when heated in powdered form in air [Mellor 9:425 1946-47]. Reacts violentlhy with bromine trifluoride [Mellor Vol. 9 425.1939]. |
| Health Hazard | DUST: POISONOUS IF INHALED OR IF SKIN IS EXPOSED. If inhaled will cause coughing, difficult breathing or loss of consciousness. SOLID: POISONOUS IF SWALLOWED OR IF SKIN IS EXPOSED. If swallowed will cause dizziness, nausea, vomiting or loss of consciousness. |
| Fire Hazard | Not flammable. |
| Diantimony trioxide Preparation Products And Raw materials |